Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 112
Filter
1.
Rev. chil. anest ; 50(1): 196-216, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512448

ABSTRACT

Pregnancy induces changes in almost every body system, pushing their reserves to the limit. There is a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, a progressive increase in blood volume, heart rate and myocardial size, resulting in an increased cardiac output. It reduces the functional residual capacity and increases the tidal volume. Oxygen consumption increases, leading to a decrease in oxygen reserves and increased risk of hypoxemia under hypoventilation or apnea (more frequent due to difficult airway management as a result of edema). Important changes are also observed at the hematological, renal and intestinal levels. Uterineplacental blood flow increases progressively during pregnancy, elevating the risk of massive hemorrhage. When intrauterine resuscitation does not resolve acute fetal distress, urgent cesarean section should be performed. Neuraxial over general anesthesia is recommended. In emergency situations, general anesthesia or "Rapid Sequence Spinal Anesthesia" is suggested as an alternative. The requirements of both, hypnotics and inhalation agents, decrease during pregnancy. Obstetric hemorrhage may be the result of bleeding from placenta or a consequence of trauma to the genital tract during delivery. The most severe cases present hypovolemic shock. Along with controlling the source of bleeding, the treatment goals are: treat hypovolemia and acute trauma coagulopathy, preserve oxygen transport capacity, repair the endothelium and prevent dilutional coagulopathy. Management of placenta accreta must be multidisciplinary. Preoperative diagnosis is essential for adequate preparation. Combined spinal-epidural technique is recommended. When hysterectomy becomes necessary, conversion to general anesthesia should be considered. Amniotic fluid embolism in its early stage produces right ventricular dysfunction due to acute pulmonary hypertension and, in its late stage, left ventricular dysfunction. In 40% of cases, multifactorial coagulopathy is observed. The diagnostic criteria are: 1) hypotension or cardiac arrest, hypoxia and coagulopathy; 2) during labor, caesarean section, uterine curettage or in the first 30 minutes postpartum; 3) in the absence of another diagnosis that explains the symptoms. Treatment is supportive, besides termination of pregnancy. Resuscitation during pregnancy must be led by a professional who understands the complexities of the situation. Maternal well-being is the best predictor of fetal well-being. A perimortem cesarean may become necessary.


El embarazo induce cambios en casi todos los sistemas corporales, llevando al límite las reservas a cada uno de ellos. Hay disminución de la resistencia vascular sistémica, aumento progresivo de la volemia, frecuencia cardiaca y tamaño miocárdico, lo que produce un aumento del débito cardiaco. Se reduce de la capacidad residual funcional y aumenta del volumen corriente. Aumenta el consumo de oxígeno, lo que conlleva disminución de la reserva de oxígeno y aumenta el riesgo de hipoxemia frente a hipoventilación o apnea (más frecuente dificultad en el manejo de vía aérea por edema). También se observan importantes cambios a nivel hematológico, renal e intestinal. El aumento progresivo de flujo úteroplacentario propicia el desarrollo de hemorragias masivas. Cuando la reanimación intrauterina no resuelve el sufrimiento fetal agudo se debe proceder a la cesárea de urgencia. En dicho caso, se privilegia la anestesia neuroaxial por sobre la general. En la cesárea de emergencia se recomienda anestesia general o "anestesia espinal en secuencia rápida" como alternativa. Los requerimientos tanto de hipnóticos como de agentes inhalatorios disminuyen en el embarazo. La hemorragia obstétrica resulta del sangrado del lecho placentario o como consecuencia del traumatismo al tracto genital durante el parto. La forma de presentación de los casos graves generalmente es con hipovolémico. Junto con controlar la fuente del sangrado los objetivos son: tratar la hipovolemia, tratar la coagulopatía aguda del trauma, preservar la capacidad de transporte de oxígeno, reparar el endotelio y prevenir la coagulopatía dilucional. El manejo de la placenta acreta es multidisciplinario. El diagnóstico preoperatorio es imprescindible para la adecuada preparación. Es recomendable una técnica combinada espinal-epidural y conversión a anestesia general en caso de histerectomía. La embolia de líquido amniótico en su etapa temprana produce disfunción ventricular derecha, por hipertensión pulmonar aguda y en su etapa tardía, disfunción ventricular izquierda. En el 40% de los casos, se observa coagulopatía multifactorial. Los criterios diagnósticos son: 1) hipotensión o paro cardíaco, hipoxia y coagulopatía; 2) durante el trabajo de parto, cesárea, legrado uterino o en los primeros 30 min posparto; 3) en ausencia de otro cuadro que explique los síntomas. El tratamiento es de soporte y la interrupción del embarazo. La reanimación durante el embarazo debe ser liderada por un profesional que conozca las particularidades del manejo. El bienestar materno es el mejor predictor de bienestar fetal. Una cesárea puede ser necesaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Emergencies , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Cesarean Section
2.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 19(3): e653, sept.-dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1138888

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La arteritis de Takayasu es una enfermedad inflamatoria que afecta la aorta y sus ramas y muestra predilección por la población asiática. Objetivo: Describir la conducción anestésica en una paciente obstétrica con arteritis de Takayasu. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina, de 20 años de edad, con embarazo de 39 semanas, antecedentes de arteritis de Takayasu. A los seis meses de gestación aparecieron los primeros síntomas de la enfermedad. Se confirma diagnostico a través de AngioTAC de tronco supraaórtico y vasos del cuello, además de Doppler carotideo. Se observa trastornos vasculares oclusivos, estenosis concéntrica de ambas carótidas y de principales ramas del cayado aórtico. Finalmente, se confirmó el diagnóstico de arteritis de Takayasu tipo I. Al término de su embarazo, se decide cesárea electiva para evitar el trabajo de parto. Conclusiones: La anestesia obstétrica para pacientes con esta enfermedad es altamente complicada por su compleja conducción, observación e interpretación de la monitorización multiparamétrica e imagenológica. Durante la conducción anestésica es imprescindible el control estricto hemodinámico, evitando síndrome de bajo flujo sanguíneo y daño isquémico materno o fetal(AU) .


Introduction: Takayasu arteritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the aorta and its branches, and shows a predilection for the Asian population. Objective: To describe anesthetic management in an obstetric patient with Takayasu arteritis. Case presentation: Female patient, 20 years old, 39 weeks of pregnancy, a history of Takayasu arteritis. At six months of gestation, the first symptoms of the disease appeared. Diagnosis is confirmed through CT angiography of the supra-aortic trunk and neck vessels, in addition to carotid Doppler. Occlusive vascular disorders, as well as concentric stenosis of both carotids and the main branches of the aortic arch are observed. Finally, the diagnosis of type I Takayasu arteritis was confirmed. At the end of her pregnancy, an elective cesarean section was decided to avoid labor. Conclusions: Obstetric anesthesia for patients with this disease is highly complicated due to its complex management, observation and interpretation of multiparametric and imaging monitoring. During anesthetic conduction, strict hemodynamic control is essential, avoiding low blood flow syndrome and maternal or fetal ischemic damage(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Takayasu Arteritis/complications , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(6): 631-634, nov.-Dec. 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057483

ABSTRACT

Abstract Loss of consciousness during spinal anesthesia is a rare but scary complication. This complication is generally related to severe hypotension and bradycardia, but in this case, the loss of consciousness occurred in a hemodynamically stable parturient patient. We present a 31 years-old patient who underwent an emergency cesarean section. She lost consciousness and had apnea that started 10 minutes after successful spinal anesthesia and repeated three times for a total of 25 minutes, despite the stable hemodynamics of the patient. The case was considered a subdural block, and the patient was provided with respiratory support. The subdural block is expected to start slowly (approximately 15-20 minutes), but in this case, after about 10 minutes of receiving anesthesia, the patient suddenly had a loss of consciousness. After the recovery of consciousness and return of spontaneous respiration, the level of a sensory block of the patient, who was cooperative and oriented, was T4. There were motor blocks in both lower extremities. Four hours after intrathecal injection, both the sensory and motor blocks ended, and she was discharged two days later with no complications. Hence, patients who receive spinal anesthesia should be closely observed for any such undesirable complications.


Resumo A perda de consciência durante a raquianestesia é uma complicação rara, mas assustadora. Essa complicação geralmente está relacionada à grave hipotensão e bradicardia, mas, neste caso, a perda de consciência ocorreu em uma paciente parturiente hemodinamicamente estável. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 31 anos, submetida a uma cesariana de emergência. A paciente perdeu a consciência e apresentou apneia que teve início 10 minutos após a raquianestesia bem-sucedida e repetiu o episódio três vezes por 25 minutos, a despeito de sua hemodinâmica estável. O caso foi considerado como um bloqueio subdural e a paciente recebeu suporte respiratório. Espera-se que o bloqueio subdural inicie lentamente (aproximadamente 15-20 minutos), mas, neste caso, cerca de 10 minutos após a anestesia, a paciente repentinamente perdeu a consciência. Após a recuperação da consciência e o retorno da respiração espontânea, a paciente que estava orientada e cooperativa apresentou nível de bloqueio sensorial em T4. Havia bloqueio motor em ambas as extremidades inferiores. O bloqueio sensório-motor terminou quatro horas após a injeção intratecal e a paciente recebeu alta hospitalar dois dias depois, sem complicações. Considerando o exposto, os pacientes que recebem raquianestesia devem ser atentamente observados para quaisquer complicações indesejáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Unconsciousness/etiology , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Cesarean Section/methods , Hemodynamics/physiology , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods
6.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(3): 311-314, May-June 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013425

ABSTRACT

Abstract Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a cerebrovascular disorder leading to multifocal arterial constriction and dilation. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is possibly caused by transient deregulation of cerebral vascular tone. We report a rare case of a patient with chief complain of postpartum headache, was later diagnosed as a case of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. A young full term primigravida with good uterine contraction admitted to labour room. Later she complained of leaking per vagina and on examination meconium stained liquor was noted. Caesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia was done and intra-operative period was uneventful. Both mother and baby were normal and shifted to postoperative ward and nursery respectively. In postoperative ward, mother complained of severe headache after 1 h and later developed seizure. Midazolam was given intravenously and was intubated and transferred to critical care unit for further investigation and management. Non contrast computerised tomography scan of brain showed right occipital intracerebral as well as subarachnoid bleed. CT angiography showed right vertebral artery narrowing without any other vascular malformation. Patient was managed in critical care unit for 2 days and then extubated and shifted to high dependency ward after a day observation and discharged 3 days later after a full uneventful recovery.


Resumo A síndrome de vasoconstrição cerebral reversível é uma doença cerebrovascular que leva à constrição e dilatação arterial multifocal. A síndrome de vasoconstrição cerebral reversível é possivelmente causada pela desregulação transitória do tônus vascular cerebral. Relatamos um caso raro de uma paciente com queixa principal de cefaleia pós-parto, posteriormente diagnosticada como um caso de síndrome de vasoconstrição cerebral reversível. A jovem primigesta a termo apresentando boa contração uterina foi internada em sala de parto. Mais tarde, a parturiente queixou-se de perda de líquido pela vagina e, ao exame, líquido amniótico manchado foi observado. O parto cesariano sob raquianestesia foi realizado, e não houve intercorrência no período intraoperatório. Tanto a mãe quanto o bebê estavam normais e foram transferidos para a sala de recuperação pós-operatória e berçário, respectivamente. Na sala de recuperação, a mãe queixou-se de forte dor de cabeça após uma hora e depois desenvolveu convulsão. Midazolam foi administrado por via intravenosa, e a paciente foi intubada e transferida para uma unidade de terapia intensiva para posterior investigação e tratamento. A tomografia computadorizada sem contraste do cérebro mostrou hemorragia intracerebral occipital direita e subaracnoide. A angiotomografia mostrou estreitamento da artéria vertebral direita, sem qualquer outra malformação vascular. A paciente foi tratada em unidade de terapia intensiva por dois dias e, em seguida, foi extubada e transferida para a ala de alta dependência onde permaneceu um dia em observação, recebendo alta hospitalar três dias depois, após uma recuperação completa e sem intercorrências.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Vasoconstriction , Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Postpartum Period , Headache/etiology , Syndrome , Computed Tomography Angiography/methods , Headache/diagnostic imaging , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods
7.
Rev. chil. anest ; 48(4): 324-330, 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1452404

ABSTRACT

Fetal surgery is a field that has experienced great progress in recent decades. Advances in prenatal imaging techniques have allowed treatment of in-utero fetal pathologies during the prenatal period, so that it is currently possible to intervene in the natural history of certain alterations in the development of the fetus, avoiding sequelae in the newborn and in its subsequent development in extrauterine life. The perioperative management of fetal surgery requires a multidisciplinary team, constituting a challenge for the anesthesiologist to maintain the homeostasis of the mother and the fetus. The understanding of the maternal-fetal physiology together with an adequate management of the anesthetic techniques constitute the cornerstone for the success of the surgery.


La cirugía fetal es un campo que ha experimentado gran progreso en las últimas décadas. El avance en las técnicas de diagnóstico prenatal por imágenes ha permitido tratamiento de patologías fetales in utero durante el período prenatal, de modo que actualmente es posible modificar la historia natural de determinadas alteraciones en el desarrollo del feto evitando secuelas en el recién nacido y en su posterior desarrollo en la vida extrauterina. El manejo perioperatorio de la cirugía fetal precisa de un equipo multidisciplinario, constituyendo un desafío para el anestesiólogo mantener la homeostasis de la madre y el feto. El entendimiento de la fisiología materno-fetal junto con un adecuado manejo de las técnicas anestésicas constituyen un factor fundamental para el éxito de la cirugía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fetal Diseases/surgery , Fetus/surgery , Preoperative Care , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods
8.
Rev chil anest ; 48(5): 480-484, 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509996

ABSTRACT

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare disease that includes the triad of malformation of vascular capillaries, varicose veins and/or venous malformation and hypertrophy of soft or bony tissues. Its presence during pregnancy poses an anesthetic challenge due to the high obstetric risk due to thromboembolic and/or hemorrhagic phenomena. We present the case of a pregnant woman with the diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome announced for elective cesarean section. Our objective is to expose the anesthetic management carried out and to propose a strategic guide for anesthesiologists.


El síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay es una rara enfermedad que comprende la tríada de malformación de capilares vasculares, venas varicosas y/o malformación venosa e hipertrofia de tejidos blandos u óseos. Su presencia durante la gestación supone un reto anestésico por el alto riesgo obstétrico debido a fenómenos tromboembólicos y/o hemorrágicos. Presentamos el caso de una embarazada con el diagnóstico de síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay anunciada para cesárea electiva. Nuestro objetivo es exponer el manejo anestésico realizado y proponer una guía estratégica para los anestesiólogo


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular , Cesarean Section/methods , Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome/complications , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods
9.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 17(3): 1-7, set.-dic. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-991037

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La anestesia regional es la más empleada en la cesárea obstétrica. En particular, el uso de la anestesia intratecal tiene sus ventajas. Aunque la tasa de falla es baja, la aparición de este evento genera dificultades que merecen atención. Objetivo: Describir la conducta anestésica en una paciente obstétrica en la que falla la anestesia regional intratecal. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina, de 20 años a la que se le administró anestesia intratecal por el especialista. No hubo errores en la punción lumbar, esta se realizó con trócar 25 punta Whitacre. No se constató bloqueo sensitivo, motor ni simpático, por lo que se realizó anestesia general endotraqueal, la cual transcurrió sin dificultades. En el posoperatorio inmediato se observa hiperlaxitud articular lo que llevó a sospechar el diagnóstico. Este fue positivo conjuntamente con el servicio de Neurología, se determinó Síndrome de Ehlers danlos tipo III. Conclusiones: El índice de falla es muy bajo en anestesia suaracnoidea pero si se presenta un paciente de este tipo, debe descartarse por completo. Existen pocos casos documentados de resistencia a la anestesia local; pero si así fuera, debe estudiarse exhaustivamente para buscar estrategias que permitan un acto anestésico óptimo(AU)


Introduction: Regional anesthesia is the most used in obstetric caesarean section. In particular, the use of intrathecal anesthesia has its advantages. Although the failure rate is low, the onset of this event generates difficulties that deserve attention. Objective: To describe the anesthetic management in an obstetric patient with failure of regional intrathecal anesthesia. Clinical case: Female patient, aged 20 years, who was administered intrathecal anesthesia by the specialist. There were no errors in the lumbar puncture, this was done with a trocar 25 of Whitacre tip. No sensory, motor or sympathetic block was observed, so general endotracheal anesthesia was performed, which went on smoothly. In the immediate postoperative period, joint hypermobility was observed, leading to suspicion of the diagnosis. This was positive in conjunction with the Neurology service, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type 3 was determined. Conclusions: The failure rate is very low for subarachnoid anesthesia. However, for a patient of this type, it should be completely ruled out. There are few documented cases of resistance to local anesthesia. If it were the case, it should be studied exhaustively to look for strategies that allow an optimal anesthetic management(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Drug Resistance/genetics , Cesarean Section/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/complications , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods
10.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(3): 280-284, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958297

ABSTRACT

Abstract Study objective: The purpose of this study was to assess whether application of dorsal table tilt and body rotation to a parturient seated for neuraxial anesthesia increased the size of the paramedian target area for neuraxial needle insertion. Setting: Labor and Delivery Room. Patients: Thirty term pregnant women, ASA I-II, scheduled for an elective C-section delivery. Interventions: Lumbar ultrasonography was performed in four seated positions: (F) lumbar flexion; (FR) as in position F with right shoulder rotation; (FT) as in position F with dorsal table-tilt; (FTR) as in position F with dorsal table-tilt combined with right shoulder rotation. Measurements: For each position, the size of the 'target area', defined as the visible length of the posterior longitudinal ligament was measured at the L3-L4 interspace. Main results: The mean posterior longitudinal ligament was 18.4 ± 4 mm in position F, 18.9 ± 5.5 mm in FR, 19 ± 5.3 mm in FT, and 18 ± 5.2 mm in FTR. Mean posterior longitudinal ligament length was not significantly different in the four positions. Conclusions: These data show that the positions studied did not increase the target area as defined by the length of the posterior longitudinal ligament for the purpose of neuraxial needle insertion in obstetric patients. The maneuvers studied will have limited use in improving spinal needle access in pregnant women.


Resumo Objetivo do estudo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a inclinação lateral da mesa cirúrgica e a rotação do corpo de uma parturiente sentada para anestesia neuraxial aumentou o tamanho da área-alvo paramediana para a inserção da agulha neuraxial. Ambiente: Sala de parto. Pacientes: Trinta grávidas a termo, ASA I-II, agendadas para cesárea eletiva. Intervenções: Ultrassonografia lombar foi feita em quatro posições sentadas: (F) flexão lombar; (FR) como na posição F com rotação do ombro direito; (FT) como na posição F com inclinação lateral da mesa cirúrgica; (FTR) como na posição F com inclinação lateral da mesa cirúrgica combinada com a rotação do ombro direito. Mensurações: Para cada posição, o tamanho da "área-alvo", definido como o comprimento visível do ligamento longitudinal posterior, foi medido no interespaço de L3-L4. Principais resultados: As médias do ligamento longitudinal posterior foram: 18,4 ± 4 mm na posição F; 18,9 ± 5,5 mm na posição FR; 19 ± 5,3 mm na posição FT e 18 ± 5,2 mm na posição FTR. O comprimento médio do ligamento longitudinal posterior não foi significativamente diferente nas quatro posições. Conclusões: Esses dados mostram que as posições avaliadas não aumentaram a área-alvo, conforme definido pelo comprimento do ligamento longitudinal posterior com o objetivo de inserção da agulha neuraxial em pacientes obstétricas. As manobras avaliadas terão um uso limitado na melhoria do acesso à agulha espinhal em mulheres grávidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Cesarean Section/instrumentation , Longitudinal Ligaments , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Ultrasonography/methods
12.
Rev. chil. anest ; 47(4): 255-258, 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451283

ABSTRACT

The HELLP syndrome is one of the most relevant obstetrical pathologies but for the anestesiologist, which, can even condition the anesthetic technique before a caesarean section. The early colocation of a epidural catheter in obstetrical pathologies that can finish in a cesarean section with the aim of diminishing the mortality associated to the pathology is still under discussion. We present a case of a 25 years old patient programmed for a caesarean section, with probable diagnosis of HELLP syndrome, In which a epidural catheter was placed 12 hours before the surgery presenting a trombocitopenia of 86,000/mm3. Our objetive is to discuss the issues of the anesthetic management in patients with HELLP syndrome and the advantages of the early placement of a epidural catheter.


El síndrome de HELLP es una de las patologías obstétricas más relevantes para el anestesiólogo, la cual, puede incluso condicionar la técnica anestésica ante una eventual cesárea. Actualmente, está en discusión la colocación de un catéter epidural temprano en patologías obstétricas que puedan terminar en una cesárea, con el objetivo de disminuir la morbimortalidad asociada a ella. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 25 años programada para una operación cesárea, con probable diagnóstico de síndrome HELLP a la que se le colocó un catéter epidural 12 horas antes de la cirugía con una trombocitopenia de 86 x 103/uL. Se presenta con el objetivo de discutir las directivas del manejo anestésico de las pacientes con síndrome de HELLP y las ventajas de la colocación temprana de un catéter epidural.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , HELLP Syndrome/blood , HELLP Syndrome/therapy , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Platelet Count , Cesarean Section , Anesthesia, Epidural
13.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 67(5): 480-486, Sept-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897763

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block demonstrated efficacy in providing post-operative analgesia by prolonging the time to first analgesic requirement and reducing the total analgesic consumption. The surgical transversus abdominis plane block, a novel technique, can be performed safely in obese patients in whom muscle layers cannot be sufficiently exposed. Here, we compared applicability, efficacy and complications of surgical transversus abdominis plane and ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks in obese pregnant women following cesarean section under general anesthesia. Methods Seventy-five pregnant women with pre- and post-pregnancy body mass index > 30 were randomized and allocated into two groups: Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block (UT group; n = 38) and surgical TAP block (ST group; n = 37). Visual analogue scale scores at post-operative 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours (h), time to first analgesic requirement, total analgesic consumption amount in 24 h, post-operative side effects, complications and patient satisfaction were recorded. Results and conclusions Age, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, operative duration, body mass index, mean time to first analgesic requirement and total analgesic consumption in 24 h were similar between groups, while significant differences in pre- and post-pregnancy body mass index were observed between groups. Block procedure durations were 7 and 10 minutes in ST and UT groups, respectively. No significant differences in visual analogue scale scores were observed between the groups at all times; itching and nausea was observed in one (UT group) and four (UT and ST groups) patients, respectively. Surgical transversus abdominis plane block was safe in obese pregnant patients and provided similar post-operative analgesia to ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos O bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal (TAP) guiado por ultrassom (US) demonstrou eficácia no fornecimento de analgesia no pós-operatório ao prolongar o tempo até a primeira necessidade de analgésico e reduzir o consumo total de analgésico. O bloqueio TAP cirúrgico (uma nova técnica) pode ser realizado com segurança em pacientes obesas nas quais as camadas musculares não podem ser suficientemente expostas. Comparamos a aplicabilidade, a eficácia e as complicações do bloqueio TAP cirúrgico e do bloqueio TAP-US em gestantes obesas submetidas à cesárea sob anestesia geral. Método Setenta e cinco mulheres grávidas com índice de massa corporal (IMC) pré e pós-gravidez > 30 foram randomicamente alocadas em dois grupos: bloqueio TAP-US (Grupo TAP-US, n = 38) e bloqueio TAP cirúrgico (Grupo TAP-C, n = 37). Os escores da escala visual analógica (VAS) nos tempos 0, 2, 6, 12 e 24 horas de pós-operatório, o tempo até a primeira necessidade de analgésico, o consumo total de analgésico em 24 horas, os efeitos colaterais no pós-operatório, as complicações e a satisfação do paciente foram registrados. Resultados e conclusões Idade, estado físico ASA, tempo cirúrgico, IMC, média de tempo até a primeira necessidade de analgésico e consumo total de analgésico em 24 horas foram semelhantes entre os grupos, enquanto diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os grupos em relação ao IMC pré- e pós-gravidez. As durações dos procedimentos de bloqueio foram de 7 e 10 minutos nos grupos TAP-US e TAP-C, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa nos escores VAS entre os grupos em todos os momentos; prurido e náusea foram observados em um paciente (Grupo TAP-US) e em quatro (Grupo TAP-C), respectivamente. O bloqueio TAP cirúrgico foi seguro nas pacientes grávidas obesas e forneceu analgesia similar à do bloqueio TAP-US no pós-operatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications , Cesarean Section , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Nerve Block/methods , Obesity , Prospective Studies , Abdominal Muscles
14.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(2): 163-170, abr. 2017. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899894

ABSTRACT

Propósito: Describir la periodicidad del momento de máxima intensidad del dolor de las contracciones uterinas (CUs) durante el trabajo de parto (TDP) para eventualmente permitir el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de administración de analgesia endovenosa. Material y método: Embarazadas de término en TDP, reclutadas desde marzo 2014 por 18 meses, de manera no probabilística consecutiva. Se obtuvo el momento de máximo dolor por autoreporte de las pacientes con cronómetros, previa capacitación. Análisis: Regresión para medidas repetidas de efectos mixtos a los 3-5, 6-7 y 8-10cm de dilatación. La variable respuesta es el intervalo de tiempo desde el momento de máximo dolor de la CU basal al de la contracción siguiente. Resultados: En 64 pacientes, se obtuvo 5 intervalos de tiempo. Para la dilatación de 3-5cm una mediana=140.92 segundos y los coeficientes de regresión (CR) en 4 intervalos de tiempo con respecto al basal de 4.2, 15.9, -2.7 y -5.8 segundos. Para 67cm una mediana=131.16 seg y CR 13.4, 11.3, 2 y -10 seg. Para 8-10cm una mediana=129.3 seg y CR -6.7, 0.49, -2.5 y -7.7 seg. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los coeficientes de regresión. Conclusiones: Con los datos obtenidos podemos señalar que no hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los intervalos de tiempo de los momentos de máximo dolor durante el TDP en fase activa. Esta información es relevante para apoyar el desarrollo de un modelo predictivo del dolor.


Aim: To describe the timing of the moment of maximum intensity of uterine contraction (UC) pain in labor to possibly enable the development of new models for administering endovenous analgesia. Materials and Methods: Full-term pregnant women in labor, recruited from March 2014 for 18 months, using consecutive nonprobability sampling. The moment of maximum pain was ascertained as self-reported by patients previously trained with chronometers. Analysis: Regression for repeated measurements from mixed results at 3-5, 6-7 and 8-10cm of dilation. The response variable was the time interval from the moment of maximum pain of the baseline UC to the following contraction. Results: In 64 patients, 5 time intervals were obtained. For the dilation of 3-5cm, a median=140.92 seconds and regression coefficients (RC) in 4 time intervals relative to the baseline of 4.2, 15.9, -2.7 and -5.8 seconds. For 6-7cm, a median =131.16 sec and RC 13.4, 11.3, 2 and -10 sec. For 8-10cm, a median =129.3 sec and RC -6.7, 0.49, -2.5 and -7.7 sec. There were no significant differences among the regression coefficients. Conclusions: With the data collected we can report that there were no statistically significant differences between the time intervals of the moments of maximum pain during active labor. This information is relevant to support the development of a predictive model for this pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Piperidines/pharmacokinetics , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled/methods , Labor Pain , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Uterine Contraction , Pain Measurement , Predictive Value of Tests , Regression Analysis , Longitudinal Studies , Administration, Intravenous , Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacokinetics , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods
15.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(1): 58-66, feb. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899876

ABSTRACT

Los Trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (THE) contribuyen a la morbimortalidad materna y fetal. En Chile sigue siendo la 2ª causa de muerte materna. Las Sociedades Estadounidense (ACOG) y Canadiense (SOGC) de Ginecología y Obstetricia publicaron una actualización de sus guías de hipertensión en el embarazo, destacando cambios en definiciones y criterios diagnósticos. Se revisan las modificaciones con el objetivo de orientar el manejo anestesiológico de estas pacientes. Los THE se pueden clasificar en múltiples categorías, destacándose la preeclampsia. Ya no es requisito la proteinuria como criterio diagnóstico. Los signos de severidad afectan el pronóstico y deben ser pesquisados. Se recomienda la interrupción del embarazo a las 37 semanas, en ausencia de signos de severidad. La vía del parto es determinada por las condiciones obstétricas de la paciente. El manejo anestésico engloba el cuidado de crisis hipertensivas, convulsiones, analgesia en el trabajo de parto y anestesia para cesárea. Se recomienda la analgesia epidural precoz en el trabajo de parto y anestesia espinal para cesárea. No se recomienda la administración libre de fluidos endovenosos ni la monitorización invasiva, por el riesgo aumentado de complicaciones.


Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) contribute to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In Chile, it is still the second leading cause of maternal death. The American (ACOG) and Canadian (SOGC) Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology published an update of their hypertension guidelines in pregnancy, highlighting changes in definitions and diagnostic criteria. Modifications are revised in order to guide the anesthetic management of these patients. HDP can be classified into multiple categories, highlighting preeclampsia. Proteinuria is no longer required as diagnostic criteria. Severity features affect prognosis and should be actively searched. Interruption of pregnancy at 37 weeks is recommended, in the absence of signs of severity. Delivery should be determined by the obstetric conditions. Anesthetic management includes care of hypertensive crises, seizures, analgesia for labor and anesthesia for cesarean section. Early epidural analgesia is recommended in labor and spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Intravenous fluids and invasive monitoring are not recommended due to increased complications risks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/therapy , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/therapy , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Pre-Eclampsia/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential
16.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 67(1): 85-88, Jan.-Feb. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843359

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: Congenital unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare anomaly. Although there are several reports regarding pregnancy in patients with unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery, there are no case reports describing anesthesia for Cesarean section in a patient with unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery. Case report: We present a patient with unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery who underwent Cesarean sections twice at the ages of 24 and 26 years under spinal anesthesia for surgery and epidural analgesia for postoperative pain relief. Both times, spinal anesthesia and epidural analgesia enabled successful anesthesia management without the development of either pulmonary hypertension or right heart failure. Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia combined with epidural analgesia is a useful anesthetic method for a Cesarean section in patients with unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A ausência congênita unilateral de uma artéria pulmonar (ACAP) é uma anomalia rara. Embora existam vários relatos sobre pacientes grávidas com ACAP, não há relatos de casos que descrevam anestesia para cesariana em pacientes com ACAP. Relato de caso: Apresentamos uma paciente com ACAP que foi submetida a duas cesarianas, aos 24 e 26 anos, sob raquianestesia para a cirurgia e analgesia epidural para a dor no pós-operatório. Nas duas cesarianas, a raquianestesia e a analgesia epidural possibilitaram o manejo bem-sucedido da anestesia, sem a ocorrência de qualquer hipertensão pulmonar ou insuficiência cardíaca direita. Conclusão: Raquianestesia combinada com analgesia epidural é um método anestésico útil para cesarianas em pacientes com ACAP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Cesarean Section/methods , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular , Infusions, Intravenous , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Analgesia, Epidural/methods , Cesarean Section, Repeat/methods , Ropivacaine , Amides , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Anesthesia, Epidural , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage
17.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(6): 622-627, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829716

ABSTRACT

Abstract A double blind randomized clinical trial of sufentanil as an adjunct in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section and, thereby, be able to reduce the dose of bupivacaine, a local anesthetic, with the same result of an anesthetic block with higher doses but with fewer perioperative side effects, such as hypotension.


Resumo Ensaio clínico randomizado duplamente encoberto sobre o uso do sufentanil como adjuvante em raquianestesia para cesariana e, possibilitando a redução da dose do anestésico local, a bupivacaína, com o mesmo resultado de bloqueio anestésico com doses mais elevadas, mas com menos efeitos colaterais no perioperatório, como hipotensão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Cesarean Section/methods , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Sufentanil/adverse effects , Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Intravenous/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Double-Blind Method , Hypotension/prevention & control , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control
18.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(6): 657-660, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829714

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: HELLP syndrome, characterized by hemolysis, high levels of liver enzyme, and low platelet count, is an advanced clinical stage of pre-eclampsia, progressing to high maternal (24%) and perinatal (up 40%) mortality, despite childbirth care in a timely manner. The goal is to describe the anesthetic management of a case with indication to emergency cesarean. Case report: Female patient, 36 years old, gestational age of 24 weeks, with hypertensive crisis (BP 180/100 mmHg) and severe headache, was admitted to the operating room for a cesarean section after diagnosis of HELLP syndrome. Indicated for general anesthesia, we opted for total intravenous with intubation after rapid sequence induction with propofol and remifentanil in continuous target-controlled infusion, and rocuronium at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg. Maintenance was achieved with propofol and remifentanil. The surgical procedure was uneventful, the child was born with APGAR 1/5 and transferred to the NICU. At the end of surgery, the patient was extubated in the operating room and taken to the ICU. The postoperative period was uneventful with no changes worthy of note and the patient was discharged on the sixth postoperative day. Conclusion: When general anesthesia is the choice in parturient with HELLP syndrome, tracheal intubation with rapid sequence induction due to possible difficult airway, as well as the use of drugs to control the hemodynamic response can minimize the complications associated with the procedure, as occurred in this case.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A síndrome HELLP, caracterizada por hemólise, elevação dos níveis de enzimas hepáticas e plaquetopenia, representa estágio clínico avançado da pré-eclâmpsia, cursando com elevada mortalidade materna (24%) e perinatal (até 40%), apesar da assistência ao parto de forma oportuna. O objetivo é descrever o manejo anestésico de um caso com indicação de cesariana de emergência. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 36 anos, idade gestacional 24 semanas, com crise hipertensiva (PA 180/100 mmHg) e cefaleia intensa, é encaminhada ao Centro Cirúrgico para operação cesariana após diagnóstico de síndrome HELLP. Indicada anestesia geral, optou-se por venosa total com intubação após indução sequencial rápida, com propofol e remifentanil em infusão contínua alvo-controlada e rocurônio na dose de 1,2 mg/kg. A manutenção foi obtida com propofol e remifentanil. O procedimento cirúrgico transcorreu sem anormalidades, a criança nasceu com APGAR 1/5 e foi encaminhada à UTI Neonatal. Ao final da cirurgia, procedeu-se à extubação na sala cirúrgica e a paciente foi encaminhada ao CTI. O pós-operatório decorreu sem alterações dignas de nota e a paciente teve alta no sexto dia pós-operatório. Conclusão: Quando se opta pela anestesia geral em parturiente com síndrome HELLP, a intubação traqueal com técnica de indução sequencial rápida em função de possível via aérea difícil, bem como o emprego de drogas que controlem a resposta hemodinâmica, podem minimizar as complicações associadas ao procedimento, como ocorreu no presente caso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications , HELLP Syndrome/therapy , Anesthesia, General/methods , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Apgar Score , Piperidines , Propofol , Cesarean Section , Anesthetics, Intravenous , Emergency Medical Services , Remifentanil , Anesthesia, Intravenous
19.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 14(3): 305-310, July-Sept. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-796975

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the anesthetic techniques using propofol and fentanyl versus midazolam and remifentanil associated with a paracervical block with lidocaine in performing ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte aspiration. Methods: A randomized double-blind clinical trial (#RBR-8kqqxh) performed in 61 women submitted to assisted reproductive treatment. The patients were divided into two groups: anesthetic induction with 1mcg/kg of fentanyl associated with 1.5mg/kg of propofol (FP Group, n=32), in comparison with anesthetic induction using 0.075mg/kg of midazolam associated with 0.25mcg/kg/min of remifentanil, and paracervical block with 3mL of 2% lidocaine (MRPB Group, n=29). Main outcome measures: human reproduction outcomes, modified Aldrete-Kroulik index, hemodynamic parameters, and salivary cortisol. Results: The results revealed a higher number of embryos formed in the FP Group (p50=2 versus 1; p=0.025), gestation rate two times higher in the FP Group (44.4% versus 22.2%; p=0.127), less time to reach AK=10 in the MRPB Group (p50=10 versus 2; p<0.001), and lower mean of hemodynamic parameters in the MRPB Group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol as well as with midazolam, remifentanil, and paracervical block offered satisfactory anesthetic conditions when performing assisted reproduction procedures, providing comfort for the patient and physician.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar as técnicas anestésicas utilizando propofol e fentanil contra midazolam e remifentanil associados a um bloqueio paracervical com lidocaína na aspiração de oócitos transvaginal guiada por ultrassom. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado duplocego (#RBR-8kqqxh) realizado em 61 mulheres submetidas ao tratamento de reprodução assistida. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: um grupo foi submetido à indução da anestesia com 1mcg/kg de fentanil associada com 1,5mg/kg de propofol (Grupo FP, n=32), em comparação com ao grupo submetido à indução da anestesia utilizando 0,075mg/kg de midazolam associada com 0,25mcg/kg/min de remifentanil, e bloqueio paracervical com 3mL de lidocaína a 2% (Grupo MRBP, n=29). Foram avaliados os resultados reprodutivos, índice modificado de Aldrete e Kroulik, parâmetros hemodinâmicos e cortisol salivar. Resultados: Foi encontrado um número mais elevado de embriões formados no Grupo FP (p50=2 versus 1; p=0,025), taxa de gestação duas vezes mais elevada no Grupo FP (44,4% versus 22,2%; p=0,127), menos tempo para alcançar AK=10 no Grupo MRBP (p50=10 versus 2; p<0,001) e média mais baixa de parâmetros hemodinâmicos do Grupo MRBP (p<0,05). Conclusão: Ambas as anestesias (com fentanil e propofol, e com midazolam, remifentanil e bloqueio paracervical) ofereceram condições anestésicas satisfatórias na realização de procedimentos realizados em reprodução assistida, proporcionando conforto para o paciente e médico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Piperidines/administration & dosage , Punctures/methods , Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Oocyte Retrieval/methods , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Time Factors , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Propofol/administration & dosage , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Prospective Studies , Patient Satisfaction , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Pregnancy Rate
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL